柴北缘陆相页岩压裂返排液水化学和同位素特征

为陆相页岩压裂返排液污染含水层的精准识别,依托柴北缘第1口陆相页岩气勘探井——柴页1井,对比分析页岩气开发区背景地下水、压裂返排液和常规油田卤水(COB)的水化学和同位素特征,探讨压裂返排液污染含水层的标识.研究结果表明:①柴北缘地区极度干旱的气候条件、含水层矿物组成以及陆相页岩的沉积环境,导致海相页岩气田常用的返排液识别指标,如Cl-、溶解性总固体、水化学类型、主要离子比值和氢氧同位素等均不适用于该区陆相页岩返排液的识别标识;②柴北缘地区常规和非常规油气的共同开采现状,使C1/C1-5、δ13 C-CH4等页岩气化学和同位素指标不适用于页岩压裂返排液的溯源标识;③返排液中δ11 B和87 Sr/86 Sr的分布范围与浅层地下水和COB均不重叠,有较大的可区分空间,是返排液污染浅层地下水的潜在识别指标.研究成果可为中国北方页岩气开发的环境影响评价及相关环境立法提供指导建议,促进中国北方页岩气勘查开发工作的环境友好进行.     

吉林西部盐碱区农田土壤盐碱程度与碳的稳定同位素比值的关系

为了探讨农田土壤盐碱程度对土壤碳固定和碳排放的影响,选取吉林西部不同开发年限的盐碱旱田、水田为研究对象,进行野外采样和实验测量。测定土壤盐碱程度的基本理化指标:土壤pH、电导率和碱化度;同时测定土壤有机碳和无机碳的稳定碳同位素比值。研究结果表明,旱田土壤整体盐碱程度较高、固碳水平较低,土壤-大气碳循环较慢。随开发年限的增加,盐碱程度没有显著降低;而水田土壤盐碱程度相对较低,固碳水平较高,促进了土壤-大气碳循环。随开发年限的增加,土壤盐碱程度得以改善,土壤固碳水平提高。总体而言,玉米的种植无法较为有效地改善土壤盐碱程度和土壤碳的固定,而水稻的种植则可以改善土壤条件,有利于土壤对碳的固定从而降低碳排放。在全球温室效应大环境下,研究区应大力关注水稻种植产业的发展,改造盐碱土壤,为减缓区域变暖做出一定贡献。     

江西三百山盆地粗面岩锆石年代学与地球化学制约

三百山盆地的粗面岩主要出现在盆地东部仰天湖破火山口构造中,粗面岩锆石SHRIMP测年的年龄为141.56±0.96 Ma,应归属于早白垩世.盆地粗面岩具有钾含量高,全碱含量高,稀土元素配分曲线图表现为右倾的轻稀土富集型,Eu负异常不明显或表现为正异常的特征,表明三百山盆地的粗面岩属橄榄玄粗岩系列,具有高压型粗面岩的特征,标志着一个加厚的陆壳存在;岩浆物质来源于由上地壳物质俯冲到深部与地幔的混合而形成的再循环富集地幔,岩石形成的构造环境为“同碰撞”环境,代表挤压至拉张过渡构造环境.     

天津地区大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素特征及影响因素研究

依据国际原子能机构(IAEA)提供的天津地区1988~2001月降雨和同位素资料,分析了该地区大气降水的稳定同位素的组成和变化以及主要影响因素.天津大气降水线与我国东部季风区的局地大气降水线方程较为接近.大气降水同位素组成变化中的温度和降水效应较小,主要受季风以及季节水汽来源不同的影响,有显著的季节效应.     

Climatic significance of n-alkanes and their compound-specific dD values from lake surface sediments on the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau

The content and hydrogen isotope ratios of n-alkanes extracted from recent lake surface sediments sampled from nine lakes in three different climate zones on the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau were analyzed.Values were compared with n-alkanes in plants from lake drainages,and dD values of meteoric water,lake water,and mean annual precipitation.The results showed that n-C23was predominantly derived from aquatic plants,and n-C27–n-C33from terrestrial higher plants.The average carbon chain length of n-C27–n-C33(ACL27–33)was positively correlated with the mean annual precipitation.dD values of the long-chain n-alkanes n-C29and n-C31of terrestrial origin(varying between-214%and-169%,and-226%and-185%,respectively)were inversely correlated with mean annual precipitation;but in accordance with the average annual variations in dD(OIPC),dD values of n-C31were strongly related to the dD values of growing season meteoric water(R2=0.74).The large difference between dD values of n-C23of aquatic origin and n-C31(an average of about 27%)demonstrates the enrichment of the lake water dD compared to precipitation,caused by strong evaporation in the semiarid–arid areas of the southwestern Tibetan Plateau.Average value of en C25 31=p(-95%)is evidently higher than the value observed in European wet regions(-128%);besides,en C31(about-116%)is constant along the study transect(SD=9),which indicates that n-C31is a useful proxy for the environment.     

LA-ICP-MS U–Pb geochronology of detrital zircons from the Zhaochigou Formation-complex in the Helan Mountain and its tectonic significance

This paper carries out studies about LA-ICPMS U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic compositional analysis for detrital zircons in two metasedimentary samples that were taken from the Zhaochigou Formation-complex in the Helan Mountain.The results show that the Zhaochigou Formation-complex formed*1.96 Ga,and it is a part of the Khondalite Series that is widespread in the North China Craton(NCC).The age spectrum of the detrital zircons indicates that the Zhaochigou Formation-complex shared the same provenance with the eastern edge of the Khondalite Series.Products of ancient magmatic activities within the Khondalite Belt may be the major source for the sedimentary materials that formed the Khondalite Series.Our age-dating results suggest that the Khondalite Series in the NCC may have experienced two stages of metamorphism,as the early stage occurred during 1.96–1.95 Ga,and the later stage occurred at about 1.87 Ga.The Hfisotopic data indicate that the Western Block of the NCC endured a stage of crustal growth at 2.5–2.3 Ga.     

Paleodietary changes by penguins and seals in association with Antarctic climate and sea ice extent

Positioned near the top of the food web, the dietary composition of Antarctic penguins and seals can be an excellent indicator of the regional food web and thus the status of the marine ecosystem. The dietary composition of modern penguins and seals has been well investigated; a long-term time series of data on penguin and seal diets, however, are rare. Such data, especially any predating the initiation of human harvesting of fish, whales and seals in Antarctica, are crucial for understanding and predicting responses of regional marine food webs to natural climate changes. Here we review recent progress on research of paleodietary change in Antarctic penguins and seals, specifically the Adelie penguin （Pygoscelis adeliae） and Antarctic fur seal （Arctocephalus gazella）. These studies indicate that the dietary changes of penguins correspond quite well with fluctuations in climate and sea ice extent during the Holocene. The depleted δ15N ratios found in modern Adelie penguins support the ＂krill surplus hypothesis＂ in relation to historic human depletion of krilleating fish, seals and whales.     

广西北海市南岸滩涂主要大型植物及表层沉积物的稳定性碳和氮同位素丰度

为调查广西北海市南岸滩涂主要大型植物和表层沉积物的稳定性碳和氮同位素丰度,并为沿海滩涂动物食物与营养来源研究提供数据,采用野外现场采样和室内样品处理检测结合的方法,对山口镇英罗村、北暮盐场、营盘镇青山头村、竹林盐场、大冠沙等5个地点采集到的红树落叶（秋茄Kandelia candel和白骨壤Avicennia marina）、互花米草Spartina alterniflora、条浒苔Enteromorpha clathrata、细基江蓠Gracilaria tenuistipitata及表层沉积物样品进行处理,测定总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）、稳定性碳同位素丰度（δ¹³C）和稳定性氮同位素丰度（δ¹⁵N）,并进行统计分析与比较。结果显示,山口镇英罗村和大冠沙红树落叶的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N均没有显著差异,北暮盐场和营盘镇青山头村互花米草的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N也没有显著差异。5个地点表层沉积物的TOC、TN、δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N均没有显著差异,表明北海市南岸滩涂表层沉积物的TOC、TN、δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N分布较为均匀。沿海滩涂高等植物的δ¹³C主要受均匀的大气影响,不同区域和地点间差异较小,因此不同地点高等植物红树和互花米草的δ¹³C变幅也较小。本次调查的北海南岸沿岸较为开阔,并且没有大型河流注入,因此滩涂沉积物中δ¹⁵N差异较小。由于植物对氮同位素吸收没有分馏作用,本次调查中不同地点的红树和互花米草δ¹⁵N差异也很小。山口镇英罗村、北暮盐场、竹林盐场和大冠沙的条浒苔δ¹³C没有显著差异,但δ¹⁵N有显著差异,竹林盐场的条浒苔δ¹⁵N显著低于北暮盐场。北暮盐场和营盘镇青山头村的细基江蓠δ¹³C没有显著差异,竹林盐场的细基江蓠δ¹³C显著低于另外两个地点;3个地点的δ¹⁵N均没有显著差异。不同地点大型海藻的δ¹³C或δ¹⁵N差异出现的原因有待进一步研究。本研究结果为分析北海南岸大型植物和沉积物对滩涂饵料和营养来源的影响提供了参考数据。     

W/Hf摩尔比对HfB_2-WB_2-Si/SiC-SiC_(NW)复合涂层抗氧化性能的影响

为了提高C/C复合材料高温抗氧化性能,依次采用前驱体浸渍裂解、反应熔体浸渗和浆料涂刷工艺在C/C复合材料表面制得HfB_2-WB_2-Si/SiC-SiC_(NW)复合涂层,考察了W/Hf摩尔比对复合涂层物相组成、微观结构及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,当W/Hf摩尔比为2∶3时,所制HfB_2-WB_2-Si/SiC-SiC_(NW)复合涂层组织均匀、结构致密,表现出最佳的抗氧化性能。在涂层氧化过程中,WO_3的分相效应和HfSiO_4等高熔点颗粒的钉扎效应共同作用能使涂层表面氧化物玻璃相具有较高热稳定性和较低的氧扩散率,有利于提高涂层的抗氧化性能。     

浙西北钟吕群流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其年代地层学意义

 钟吕群出露于浙西北地区,为一套强变形、浅变质的碎屑岩-火山岩系,其下未见底,上被南华纪休宁组不整合覆盖。传统上将其对比于赣东北双桥山群。本文主要研究钟吕群流纹岩的锆石U-Pb 年龄。样品A120408-4 采自苏庄断层以北,层位上属钟吕群的中上部,岩性为灰白色致密块状流纹岩,强烈片理化。样品A120408-4 中获得大量锆石,完成LA-ICP-MS 锆石UPb定年测点38 个,获得年龄加权平均值为(777.1±3.6)Ma,结合地层特点及变质变形特征,得出钟吕群主体相当于河上镇群上墅组,应属扬子古陆新元古代晚期大陆裂谷的地质记录。